Unfavorable early-year weather for flying (wind, rain and cold) lasted longer than usual, allowing me to work nearly fulltime on my scratch-build Lockheed U2A scale 1:8 towed glider till late in spring. New European regulations finally were implemented in Belgium and to allow me to still fly abroad I passed the online EASA A1-A3 training and exam. During the first week of April a couple of calm cold weekdays allowed me to take the air again with the Funcub XL, Twin Astir and small Hugues 500 heli to get rid of the rusty flying-fingers. I also made 2 training flight under dual control with a T-Rex 550 for my first live head-on hoverings. My instructor was very pleased about what he saw at that early stage but I wasn’t. After training daily on the Real Flight simulator for 5 months the maneuvers (many head-on work including landing) that are required to pass my next model helicopter rating, I had hoped to for a much better result flying them for real. Much more training will be necessary IF I still want to pass that extra rating. Eastern weekend I attended a somewhat curtailed first gathering of the BiGGS community at Pampa range (very late prohibited camping announcement by the military), but riding along in my friend’s long van allowed me to take the Foka on the Saturday and my flagship scale 1:3 Ka2b Rhonschwalbe on Sunday to fly 4 flights with each. The 16kg heavy Ka2 hadn’t flown after 2019 because of transport and loading restrictions (too large to handle all by myself)...Continue Reading

Pic windex 1


History

In 1980 two Swedes had the idea of producing a modern lightweight single-seat aerobatic capable powered glider. The unpowered prototype flew in 1985 but as the Radab factory geared up for kit production of the powered version, a fire destroyed everything but the first two ones. The prototype won two bronze medals at the 1991 FAI glider world aerobatic championship. In the 90’s production of the kits for the 1200c two-stroke only 20hp 3-cyl König ST430 resumed and then was transferred to Windex, the last kit being delivered in 1999. Despite the respectable 36:1 glide ratio and the excellent aerobatic capabilities (stressed +9,-7G as an F16!) only about ten of these 12m span carbon/fiber diminutive gliders were produced and only a handful remain airworthy in the US and Europe.

Rationale

I noticed the aerobatic capabilities and elegant tail of the Windex years ago and found it the perfect solution for a scale motorglider, compared to the ugly pylon mounted motors, complicated retractable powertrains, or prop in the nose requiring a launch trolley on most models. Years ago I acquired a rare Schluetler 1976 Fournier RF5b motorglider and totally restored it with a retract and attractive period Belgian Air Cadet paint scheme. Unfortunately, operating this 1:6 scale motorglider from the grass (after I changed clubs) proved very difficult, the diminutive underwing pogo’s causing havoc with the directional stability during takeoff and landing. The...Continue Reading

History

The trigger in 2017, a picture of a real U2A during its HICAT period
picU2 science 08c


The result in 2023, my model U2 being towed for its fourth testflight
Pic 3209c


Early fifties Lockheed proposed to develop a very high altitude recce plane to the USAF but as it had no landing gear (to save weight) the Air Force refused. The CIA picked it up and Kelly Johnson (designer of P38, P80, F104 and A12/SR71) set his skunk works in action and soon came up with a design combining a modified Starfighter fuselage with very large wings, the CL282. That basic idea rapidly evolved into a more refined prototype that Tony Levier first flew in 1955 from what would become the now secret area 51, and the Air Force again joined and renamed it the U2 (for Utility). That jet powered 23:1 glide ratio machine was capable to fly above 70.000 feet and was initially used to photograph military and industrial installations of interest all over the world. Gary Powers was shot down above Russia by a SA2 in 1961 and although flown over less defended areas, a developed larger version of it (TR1/U2S) today still fulfills reconnaissance duties over or near most of the war territories, albeit using real-time electronic sensors. As I prefer the early short nosed U2A/B version over the wingpod equipped C or very long nose S versions, I choose to model U2A aircraft #56-6722 article 389 (29th U2). Delivered in March 1957 to the USAF and assigned to Special Projects branch of ARDC at...Continue Reading

During the first two months of the year I worked nonstop towards the completion of the Fouga Magister. Early March I finally got it ready (after about 1000 hours of labour) and the result was very pleasing. You can read the detailed build-log of it on : https://www.rcgroups.com/forums/show...e-1-6-90mm-EDF
Pic Fouga TMV 4-05-1-12cr


I thought I deserved a holiday and spent two weeks skiing at Madonna di Campiglio in Italy. Upon return I finally got my new camper delivered (2 years after ordering) and spent a couple of weeks adapting it for my needs. By the last weekend of March I already could transport a good deal of my models and took the trusted Blanik to TMV for the first 10 flights of the year. To my surprise my fingers were not rusty and although windy on the cross runway, all my landings were precise and good, culminating in some aerobatics and a long landing to the parking place. I was enchanted but the weather completely deteriorated and the following weeks model flying was not on the agenda. Unexpectedly I got offered 3 flight with real aircraft, each time with a modern Tecnam aircraft so I could compare them to the light aircraft of the bygone era. The mix of high/low wing, Rotax/Lycoming and steam/glass cockpit was interesting. I flew everything without the pilot in command ever touching the stick, a booster for my confidence after 25 years lack of practice in takeoff and landings or formation flying in powered aircraft.

During the Easter weekend BiGGS...Continue Reading

Pic Hunter red dev cr


History

Just after WW2 Sir Sydney Camm drew one of the most beautiful aircraft ever, the Hawker Hunter trans-sonic fighter that remained in service in some air Forces till the second decade of the 21st century. Main novelties were a swept wing and tailplane around an axial flow Rolls Royce Avon jet engine. The prototype flew in 1951 and half a decade later it was in service with many air forces around the world. It was the mount of many aerobatic display teams and in Belgium the Red Devils used it till our day-only Hunters got replaced by all-weather F104 Starfighters in 1963. Almost 2000 were produced by various factories and in 1982 I had a chance to fly an aerobatic ride and perform 5 landings on Kleine Brogel in Hunter T7 XL600 out of RAF Laarbruch. Reproducing that one in model would be difficult because CG position requires the nose to be built light, so modifying a single-seat into a 2-seat nose probably would become too heavy.

Rationale

In May 2016, whilst picking-up a secondhand Multiplex Funcoper, that modeller proposed me a FlyFly Hunter still in the unopened box for a reasonable price. It was a model I liked very much and it hopefully flies better than the smaller 70mm Lander Hunters I parted with years before. As I wanted to duplicate one of the Hunters flown by Belgium’s aerobatic team “Red Devils” early 60’s, I wished my box contained the red version but unfortunately it was the Nato camo version that still was nicely...Continue Reading

Year 2021

Early Januari 2021 I took the huge box containing a Windrider Boeing 737 down from the attic where it had been laying dormant for half a decade. After stripping all usable parts from my crashed Jetair B737 (go back to fall 2020 for details) I started to combine old and new parts to build a 90’s era SABENA airline B737-500 that could be used in powered or glider mode. I never expected it still would take 9 weeks to complete that simple foam model but I really liked the result.

Pic 5480c


To read the complete build log of my second Boeing you can click on following link:
https://www.rcgroups.com/forums/show...-Sabena-livery

End februari and early March we had a couple of exceptionally warm days and I took the Funcub XL to the field for a series of much needed proficiency flight after the winter. After the rusty fingers loosened up I also got the Viperjet in the air but the clay on the still wet field stuck to the wheels and was close to jamming the gear upon retraction so after a few uneventful flights I returned home. Post-flight inspection of the Funcub revealed some minor problems and as I for correcting those I had the model open, I decided the time was ripe to undertake the modification to definitely abandon the standard Multiplex look and travesti it into a 70’s era PA18 I used to instruct student pilots. After using a mix of yellow vinyl and blue paint I had in stock, and installing normal sized Cub wheels, nobody recognizes the original...Continue Reading

Pic a3shots fouga


Rationale

Having flown more than 500 hours in the real CM170 Fouga Magisters of the Belgian Air Force, even as leader, wingman or opposing solo in a few demo-teams, a model of that iconic 50’s designed French jet-trainer had to join my fleet sooner or later. As pre 2021 these were either loo large (Avonds super scale jet kit) or too small (PSS gliders or printed EDF kits), as soon as the Dutch RBC kits https://www.rbckits.com/shop/ came out with a 2m span (1:6 scale) traditional wooden model for powerful 90mm EDF systems, I ordered one that was delivered within 48hrs. Yes, I prefer buying local than purchasing ARF foam models produced halfway around the globe. I prefer to work months on a model than take it out of the box and fly it the next weekend. Just as the real Fouga was developed from gliders and was (under)powered by WW2 technology early jet engines, I believe this close to scale model with elongated wings will have scale performance and be capable of taking off and land at relatively moderate speeds from our grass field (with sufficiently large wheels?). Needless to say, my model will sport the colors of MT31, a Fouga I took a lot to shows all-over Europe during the 80’s and early 90’s. During its career it was repainted a few times and was the first one to be restored in glossy Red Devil scheme till it retired in 1995 (now kept in stock in the museum at Beauvechin airbase).

History

After the second world war a few French engineers/...Continue Reading

Pic heli 700 0120crc


Rationale

Shortly after obtaining my basic R/C helicopter license end of summer 2021 and building up confidence flying scale maneuvers with my T-Rex500 based Hugues500, I started thinking about larger scale-helicopters. The models on my dream list were either too expensive or just unavailable. Vario helicopters seemed the best but way above my paycheck because a new camper had soon to be paid for. Roban helicopters seemed nice but many people were complaining about the lack of support/spares from the German dealer. Next option was to browse through fora for second-hand reasonably priced relatively large helicopters. I wanted overall length to be under 2meter so it would fit in the camper’s garage. Two 6S5000 batteries in series would be nice to standardise with other planes in my EDF fleet. I preferred a voluminous body for better visibility but mechanical spares availability was paramount.

The acquisition

A few weeks later I made a deal with a Walloon modeller who sold a Funkey bodied Hugues500E around T-Rex700L DFC Dominator mechanics. A first look at the model confirmed it was in excellent accident-free original condition and equipped with quality electronics. To me it looked big and attractive and was sold because the owner only flew it sporadically for years and lately preferred his larger more recent Vario helicopters. He demonstrated the model in rather windy conditions while I took a video of that. Halfway the demo I already was...Continue Reading

Rationale

Pic FX65TAM78 Wild


After having clocked 1200 flying hours on the mythical F104 Starfighter during the seventies, I was eager to also have one in my model collection. Knowing how tricky the real one was to land, I kept a 2018 model of the Freewing 1:12 scale 70mm EDF PNP Deluxe kit in the attic during years. After having flown my Freewing T33 in Belgian Viet-Nam colors I wasn’t afraid anymore of applying such a color scheme to the diminutive F104 (only 66cm wingspan). The choice of a particular scheme then was a no-brainer, I opted for the FX65 that I had the privilege of flying exclusively during the 3 month training and actual NATO Tactical Air Meet 1978 at Wildenrath (RAFG). It was a rare opportunity during which BAF F104’s wore the name of the pilot and crew chiefs below the cockpit during the competition week (not during the tactical week).

Pic pa at starfighter


[U]Analysis/U]

The early EPS kit was light and its parts needed minimal time to assemble to obtain a USAF model of dubious flat colors (the tan looked much too brown) with glossy decals all over it. It was still preferable to the silver kit version because rubbing that off created even more of a mess in house. Although the fuselage measures 140cm long, the wingspan is a diminutive 66cm and calculates to only 7,03dm² wing area (compared to 25cm² for the T33), keeping the model light seemed paramount. As with the rest of their models, Freewing (labeled FNRC on the box) delivers good...Continue Reading

Pic5540cr


Rationale

Just two weeks after buying my first serious heli in Januari 2014 (read story on my page https://www.rcgroups.com/forums/show...ctro-mechanics I already ordered the body of an Agusta 109 suitable for T-Rex500 mechanics. Luckily I did because after that I didn’t see any other stocked anymore in European rc stores. An Austrian metalic-blue very thick paint scheme adorned that kit and would have to be sanded down completely because of the thick separation lines. The idea was to swap bodies on my first T-500 after having learned to fly it properly. At that time I expected that Hugues 500 body wouldn’t survive my learning period and that way I’d have another body at hand.

To my surprise the Hughes 500 survived my first year (and is still almost intact in 2021) so when I saw a T-Rex 500 Pro-DFC (with Bavarian Demon Rigid V2 installed) in excellent condition advertised in the country for an acceptable price, I decided to buy it to use as mechanics for the Agusta body. When the seller asked me to come for a demo and pickup at the airfield of Goetsenhoven I was even more surprised. He was an NCO working full-time for the Belgian Air Cadets, we knew each-other but didn’t know we shared the same hobby. Due to horrendoes Januari weather flying outside was a no-go but he showed me everything worked by hovering in a very narrow corridor in-between hangars full of real gliders. He threw me some extra 6S3300 batteries in the deal and we agreed on a correct...Continue Reading

Pic OO-WIK3

pic 5541cr


Rationale

When I resumed model flying a decade ago the Multiplex Funcub had been my first powered aircraft and gave me much practice and pleasure. I later sold it because it didn’t fit in my “scale” collection.You can read all about the “small funcub” on my old page https://www.rcgroups.com/forums/show...ltiplex-Funcub
Lately mostly flying delicate scale models and gliders gave me few opportunities to practice intense landings and I also had a desire to taste towing foam gliders for a change. Autumn 2020 I stumbled upon a never flown second-hand Multiplex Funcub XL built as 4S and advertised for half the price of all its components on a Belgian RC site. Since more than a year I had considered either that or an e-flite Carbon Cub. Since I had many 4S4000 batteries that I already used for my RF5, Tipsy Nipper and B25, plus the Funcub XL being easy to transport fully assembled in both my camper and car, I didn’t hesitate and contacted the seller. As my friend lived much closer to him he got the model that same evening and a weekend later brought it over. My plan was to first fly it as bought, then set it up correctly and if found suitable, cosmetically change it to portray the one illustrated here above that I flew in as an instructor during the seventies.

setting up my Funcub XL

First inspection revealed the kit had been very well assembled but came equipped with cheap Corona HV servo’s plus discontinued motor and ESC with 5V BEC. As...Continue Reading

Pic real B737-500 OO-SYJ in flight

Pic5479c


Rationale:

After 7 years of use, my first Windrider B737-700 in Jetair livery encountered yet another crash and I removed all usable parts. If you are interested you can read the build log and operational history of that model on my dedicated blog page, also because I will not duplicate things I already elaborated on on that old build log. https://www.rcgroups.com/forums/show...er-B737-Jetair

After a first crash in 2015 I contacted Ming to order just a new fuselage. Shipping from Hong Kong costing me as much as the new fuselage and the fact Ming doesn’t sell individual parts didn’t facilitate the transaction. After a while we agreed on a sum and when I got the huge box delivered I was more than surprised that Ming had sent me the complete “glider” version. When I asked him why, he just answered “I support your operation”. In the meantime I had been able to more or less straighten out the nose and continued flying the old one, the new one remaining dormant on the attic for half a decade. For long I had been toying with the idea of combining parts from both to produce the longer fuselage version B737-800 in Ryanair livery. When the excellent Freewing B737Max came out, the exhaustive conversion of the Windrider kits seemed a waste of time. After I saw somebody fly a very large generic type Boeing as a towed glider during the 2018 meet at Bastogne I started considering to use my Windrider 737 as a glider. Ming had...Continue Reading

PicDAK EBST1996cr


Summary

One of my first scale models had been the Dynam Skybus, a 147cm span foamy that I modified with flaps and a sound-system and painted to portray the C53 that I piloted for real halfway the 90’s. After 8 years I got tired of seeing it flying around with the gear in the fixed down position and attempted to modify it with retracts. I was unable to construct one that was sufficiently light and sufficiently stiff to support the landing loads of that model that had to be flown with a relatively high airspeed. During years I had been searching for a larger Dakota (with retracts) but most looked awful in shape with cockpit area and engine cowlings/nacelles far away from the charismatic DC3 curves. The wooden VQ model of 180cm and foam Hobby King with 160mm definitely were not worth the switch, but at the end of the 2020 summer I saw one ZD FLY brand advertised second-hand in good condition in Belgium for a reasonable price. The guy sold it for a deceased person so I got no manual nor decorations for that dull silver “rosinenbomber”. As the model with the retracts seemed to be in excellent original condition, I purchased it because it is a rare find in Belgium and a reputably excellent model flying at a realistic speed. When pictured along my smaller Dynam the difference in size and shapes were really apparent.

Pic 062crr


Back home I checked the servo’s and motors, weighed the model (without battery 2221gr) and inspected it thoroughly. Visual...Continue Reading

Rationale

Summer 2020 I installed a FrSky ASS70 airspeed sensor for test in my foam Parkzone Ka8b glider. I choose that one because the initial idea was to use it mainly in gliders and that one didn’t have a solid lead nose, and behind the foam was ample empty space (for the factory recommended hook servo that is very dangerous to use because it doesn’t allow release during failsafe conditions). After a few testflights I was convinced of the advantages of such a system if programmed to provide airspeed figures through my earphones to help me judge the speed in the pattern and thus enhance control of my touchdown points in the various gliders I operated. With age I noticed I was getting difficulty judging the speed of the various sized gliders and that cheap system could easily compensate that. GPS modules only provide groundspeed and that is utterly unusable in a moving air-mass (which we call wind). To measure airspeed you need to measure the amount of air that flows around your wings at any given time, independent from the air-masses’ movement versus the earth.

system description

The FrSky ASS70 is a so called low velocity/low precision system (still up to 270km/h) that costed only 34 euro and included a scale looking fighter-type pitot-static tube of 7cm protruding length, a lightweight sensor unit, a long flexible tube to connect total and static pressure between both parts, a male to male electric connector to the FrSky Smart-port entry in the receiver, and an...Continue Reading

Pic 17oct20-3


Rationale

In 2014 I stumbled upon an advertisement of a second-hand Fly-Fly F100 in flying condition for what seemed a reasonable price. Some time before that I already had purchased one of the last original kits of that brand because I ever wanted to make a nice model of the French Air Force two-seater I had the chance to fly just weeks before it was phased out. Even as the second-hand one was in a sorry state, I bought it to use as a trainer and eventual source for spares if the need aroused. All of that laid dormant together with other kits and aircraft on my attic for years. End of summer 2020 I had a two week lul in my program and thought that getting the second-hand one ready for some test-flying with various EDF’s I had collected would be a useful way of filling that time. Once in my workroom I was very disappointed about the way that model had been very grossly assembled and decorated. The guy I bought it from had been a firefighter at the airbase of Beauvechin and should at least have been familiar with the fact that the USAF star stood on two legs instead of on its head!

Pic 0017c


Speaking of legs, when you see how the nose-gear had been fastened to the fuselage you get an idea about the craftsmanship? of that modeller. I think he used a complete jar of Gorilla type glue on that model. Furthermore duct tape had been used to cover other atrocities before being painted, and during sticker application he had not followed the deep crease...Continue Reading

Pic 18jul -18


Motivation
End 1972 after coming back from the USA with my silver wings military pilot qualification on T41/T37/T38, I flew five rides with the already at that time venerable (since 1953 in Belgian Air Force) Lockheed T33 for familiarization with the Belgian environment and procedures before I started my conversion on the Lockheed F104G Starfighter. Although its official name was Shooting Star, most pilots always refer to it as a T-bird. Years later I also had an aerobatic ride in its Canadian counterpart, the Rolls Royce Nene powered CT133 named Silver Star.

Pic FT14 filtered


Soon after starting EDF model flying I was looking out for a T33 R/C model but either they were large and intended for real jet engines, or didn’t look the par. When Freewing marketed one with an 80mm fan in 2019, it immediately got my attention. That model is a bit small but makes it be easily transportable even fully assembled, and the relatively large diameter wheels allow it to also operate from well-cut grass. Straight-wing airplanes are more forgiving and can be flown slower in tighter airspace. Mid 2020 I ordered one from Motion RC Europe and within days I had it home, together with one of their admiral 6S4000 batteries that claims 60c output! (I need that to get airborne from grass without rolling too long and stressing the retracts).

Analysis
The model was nicely packed and could have been assembled in a matter of hours, just a straightforward affair. The...Continue Reading

My original orange two-seat version V41 OO-LUK overturned at the end of the landing during a demo for kids at Tongeren in 2018. The only apparent damage seemed to be a broken rudder top and its hinges. Being the end of the season I put the model aside but had other priorities for (re)building. I always hated the shiny flimsy Monocote that had been patched up many times during its previous lives, sometimes even with transparent Scotch tape. Instead of only repairing the rudder, I decided to completely restore the model with Oratex/Solartex and give it another livery for which I already ordered the artwork through Calie. Instead of the standard Belgian Air Force trainer livery I opted for the black/white/red livery that was used by the period famous aerobatic team “Les Manchots” who pioneered close mirror flying acts with Stampes (V28 and V18) that had the front cockpit covered and a single pilot canopy installed.

Pic Stampe V28-18


When the Belgian Air Force sold their Stampes in 1971, V18 first was sold to a Canadian (based at Sollingen in Germany) and in 1978 to the UK, where it flew as G-BRMC. In 1993 the Antwerp Stampe en Vertongen museum at Deurne Antwerp acquired this historic valuable aircraft and registered it OO-GWC. They restored it to the exact configuration in which it flew during the 1960’s. It was rarely flown and in 1996 I had the honor and privilege to ferry V18 from Brustem airshow (for the 50th anniversary of the Belgian Air Force) to a commemoration...Continue Reading

First steps in 2014

Pic 5660cr


After flying indoor toy helicopters for a while I desired to purchase a serious secondhand helo to fly outdoors. Jan 2014 my eyes fell on an electro scale Hugues 500E in unattractive Danish Army colors, completely ready to fly and equipped with a Helicommand Rigid ground and air stabilizer, plus five 6S3300 batteries. I trusted that my skills with the Blade 120 and like, augmented by the quality stability system, would be sufficient to get it in the air to teach myself. The deal was concluded and after coming home I knew the first thing I wanted to do was to transvestite it into the colors of the famous Hugues 500D that was used in every episode op the worldwide popular eighties television series: Magnum. As painting gloss yellow over matte dark green would be very difficult, I opted to cover it in vinyl and purchased lengths of yellow, orange and brown. I couldn’t refrain from first making a picture of my acquisition next to a Blade 130X helicopter that I hand-painted as a German police BO105 instead of the omnipresent Red-bull dress-up.

Pic 2014-5


I quickly regretted my decision to work with vinyl, applying parallel angled stripes shoulder to shoulder over angled and double-curved surfaces proved very challenging but I never gave up. In the end I started by first using see-through paper that I pushed in place hugging the surfaces, then marked where the previous strip ended, put the paper flat on the table and drew a new...Continue Reading

Pic 11jul20-22crc


Part 1: General info and tail assembly

The choices
After building the Ka2b OO-SZD, Gö4-3 OO-SZC and Foka4 OO-ZEU in their historical Sabena livery, only one glider was missing to have them all, the 1958 Bocian 1c OO-SZE serial P311.

Pic Bocian HFI 2018(19)


For years I compared the available quarter-scale (short)kits, one from the UK, one from Germany and the one from the well-known Polish OldGliders. End 2019 I choose the latter and ordered all their available options (except the oleo gear) including a scale pilot. The reply I got asked me to transfer 805 euro, also covering the shipping to Belgium. Three weeks later DPD delivered a 8,8kg package. It had been extremely well packed with liberal use of triplex-wood around both cartons, then many layers of black plastic to protect all sides during handling. Don’t panic after opening the box, just as with any 1000-piece jigsaw puzzle, it only takes patience to assemble the awesome mess of single loose pieces. After unpacking I roughly amassed similar looking parts in heaps and took following picture of the complete delivery.

Pic 5039c
...Continue Reading

End 2017 I acquired a brand new (never flown) secondhand relatively cheap Taft Viperjet for its electronic components. With still to be assembled FlyFly kits of a Hawker Hunter and an F100D Super Sabre in the attic, I was in need of quality high-blade good 90mm EDF assemblies and that Viper happened to have been upgraded with a E-Jet EJ90-9 nine-blade 90mm fan on a HET700/60/1865 motor with a Phoenix edge HV120 12S EDF and Savox SH0255MG servo’s. That factory-balanced EDF set is advertised as producing 2030W with 91Amps at 22,3V: 3,1kg thrust! With the withdrawal of my FlyFly MB339 EDF trainer I decided to fly the Viper for a season before cannibalizing it.

Although the seller told me I just had to install a receiver to get it flyable, I spent more than a week getting it ready during fall 2019. The ESC had been screwed to a plywood plaque that had been glued within the fuselage, no way to unscrew it anymore in those confines. Since that ESC had no battery connectors I had to solder my EC5 plug within the fuselage, not an easy task considering the very thick wires and required heat within that foam environment. The wires also still had to be connected to the motor, necessitating the opening of the taped-over access hatch. That revealed that the fan-housing had been mounted with only two small screws, I upgraded that to six.

After mounting the receiver I discovered that none of the flight controls deflected properly. The previous builder/owner did cut the standard...Continue Reading