Not including shielded cable.

Note the length of the shielded cable including the type and thickness also affects the length of the active part of the Antenna. The shielded part of the cable is also part of the Antenna.
Any changes made to it in order to repair a broken Antenna can change its characteristics. Usually there's at least another half wave length of shielded cable besides the active part of the Antenna. A minimum length of shield would be a quarter wave length. The shorter the shield, the longer the active exposed element.

Examples

For 2.4 GHz Receivers
Masurements are approximate active exposed Antenna length.



Spektrum
AR635, AR636A, AR7000, AR8000. 31mm

_____________________

ORANGE
ORX 6. 31MM
______________________
Antennas
Not 31mm

Hi-Tech optima 6
33mm

Frsky Receivers
R-XSR 23.5mm
X4R-SB 33.25mm
XSR 26mm
XM+ 23mm

___________________

For 72 MHz Receivers

Futaba
Fp-r128df FM 42.5 inch.

Fp-r127df FM 39 inch.

Hi-Tech RCD3200 FM/hfd-08rd 39 in.

This threat is to educate people in the RC world and newer users.

Starting with a question and ends with a question mark.

Followed by
the answer is

Then the answer.

Pretty straightforward.

If you want to add your own q&A you may do so.

For those who get out of line, you will be deleted.

This explains radio bands in the
Extremely high
Super high
Ultra high
Very high
High
Medium
Low
Frequencies bands, Wavelengths
and general characteristics.

EHF 30GHz to 300GHz
SHF 3GHz to 30GHz
Very short wavelengths.
Mainly used in radar and satellite and data communications.
Direct line of sight communications.
Low to very low range and penetration.

UHF
Microwave
300 MHz to 3GHz
1 meter to 0.1m wavelength.
Generally travel in a straight line and can be absorbed by the atmosphere the higher the frequency. The lower frequencies having better penetration through atmosphere and other things like trees.
Typical range 30 miles. Extended Range 50 miles with radio towers at 1000 MHz. Range and penetration is less the higher the frequency.
Antenna length from short to very Short.
Vast amount of applications of use including satellite GPS Cellular, Broadcasting, two-way radio and other.
UHF covers 2.7Ghz.


VHF
30 MHz to 300 MHz
10m to 1meter wavelength
Longer range transmission than higher frequencies.
Sunspot activity can affect as high as 60mhz.
Typical range Range 60 miles. Increased range at the lower frequencies.
Antenna lengths from medium to short.
3.5mhz and lower frequencies not good during the day for long distance.
VHF covers 270 MHz.
Vast amount of applications including broadcasting and two way radio.

HF or shortwave
3Mhz to 30MHz
100m to 10meter wavelength.
Very long range transmission but these frequencies are...Continue Reading

Conclusion

Two issues with this A3 V2 gyro clone, one which is easily corrected and the other one you just have to know that there is a problem that you need to know it exists and you can work around it. But it's an issue for those who want something working perfectly. So you need to know how to make it work
which the directions do not tell you that this problem exists and may not be an issue with some planes like trainer like foamies and non 3D aircraft. Mounting angle may have something to do with it.

Number one problem
First the set button on the gyro was getting jammed or pushed sideways because the case was pressing against it sideways when servo leads are pressed into gyro causing case to press and hold the button even on power up which will reset the gyro back to factory settings which could be a real problem. Easy solution was to take case apart, drill or ream out the hole at least twice it's original size, in the case for the set button so the case with no longer press sideways on it causing it to depress set button and screw things up. Could easily cause the crash if you weren't aware of it.

Number two problem
Second issue is the problem I ran into with the gain adjustment on the auto level or Auto balance sometimes called beginning mode which is not really because auto level you can still roll or loop.
When adjusting this gain it changes the pitch angle on the auto level. However if you're using a master gain on your transmitter, a second channel for gain, it...Continue Reading

Sometimes people will try to trim their aircraft and I have myself when it's in the auto level or balance or beginner mode.
The problem with that is the beginner mode or auto balance is still going to control the level part of the flying of the aircraft until you turn it off. And that's where the trouble starts.
If you hand launch or take off from the ground in experienced mode or gyro off and you do like most of us do and that is take off at full Throttle. What you'll have is a nice loop on takeoff, unintentionally of course. I have done this maybe twice that I can think of and have seen many others do it a lot more.
This can put your aircraft into the trees or nose first into the ground or worse.
Sometimes in order to keep the aircraft in control it needs that speed but in some circumstances if conditions are right with no crosswinds, taking off with a lower throttle may give you a chance to correct this unexpected out of trim problem leading to a loop on takeoff.

So the warning here is
never trim your aircraft while in beginner mode or whatever you want to call it.
Must have gyro off or experienced mode for the aircraft to trim correctly while in flight. That is if you're capable of actually flying straight and level for a little period of time in the experienced mode or Gyro off. Maybe you never fly in experience mode with gyro off. In this case you may not want to do this step. Just make sure you're in beginner mode. When on the ground you could check the...Continue Reading

Not quite flying into the Sun but not far from it. Early morning or early evening and low angle Sun could be a real problem. Having the sun directly in your face. This could be a problem at some air fields. It's like the worst time for them with the Sun which they are facing towards making a nice silhouette of their aircraft which if you're an experienced pilot can play tricks with your mind. Beginners for get it. Intermediate not a good idea.
These are conditions where I like to take my least desired aircraft and fly these conditions just to get better at doing so in a silhouette. You have to be an experienced or expert RC pilot to be comfortable flying in those conditions if at all.

Some people pick their time because of the wind conditions at that time and some people pick that time because of where the sun is located. Either mornings or Later on in the day afternoons when the Sun is or not quite directly overhead which is not really a problem because you don't fly over your head if you're a decent pilot. Noon you can fly from any direction when your aircraft is usually no more than a 60° angle above you unless you get too overhead.

RC pilots who are far up in the North who have very little rise in sun angle, hope you can get the Sun to your back.

I know this is an old receiver.

The AR6200 DSM2 spektrum receiver I picked up at a swap meet USED for $10 I did a bench test on it and plug it into a gyro for mode and Gain control.

I thought when I turned off the transmitter the receiver was changing position on gear and auxiliary. It was not. The gyro simply did not get a signal which caused it to change modes when transmitter was turned off. I verified this with servos and the servos were able to be moved even with power connected. No hold no preset.

I later check the control surfaces for aileron elevator and rudder and found the same things and that was there was no signal out to servos. Servos could be moved freely like there is no power connected when
TX was turned off There was no hold, it just stopped which may be perceived as hold but it's not holding.
The only thing that changed position was the throttle,
you also could program a preset position for throttle.
When throttle is on, holding bind button, when you see throttle warning drop the throttle low then high again and transmitter while still holding the bind button, you have to raise throttle quickly before the radio wakes up and binds.

So if this AR6200 receiver was used in something that required a signal output to servos or flight controller when no signal is received from transmitter, they would be none.
SOMEBODY MAY NOT EVEN NOTICE ON AN AIRCRAFT.

Transmitter mod box

I wanted to add more channels to an aircraft without buying a new transmitter and I kind of went about it the Long Way rather than just buying a new transmitter receiver radio system that has more channels than my 6-channel radio I normally use.
I have radios that have more channels but I use those for different things mainly long range . Didn't want to change my aircraft but rather just add if I need something which is going to be maybe one or two planes for now. I have all the stuff I needed and did not need to buy anything. So I cannibalize a spare unused dx5e transmitter for this project.
I have used it at least 10 times so far and works good.

Originally I would put the spare transmitter on a camera stand which was a heavier radio, rather than have it on me on my right side hip.
The transmit mod box is much lighter, smaller and flat. Also antenna is adjustable. Not bulky like my dx6 G2 I originally used.

Deleted

What's the difference?

On some aircraft it is used to have a failsafe condition if signal is lost in order to reduce or prevent a catastrophic event such as a crash or loss of aircraft which also could lead to harm to people and property.


Failsafe
Failsafe means that if signal is lost, the receiver will continue to generate a signal to the servos, ESC, Gyro, flight controller and so on.
Initial power up
Receiver may not generate signal until transmitter is turned on and may depend on failsafe type. Hold or preset.

No failsafe
No signal to the servos, ESC, Gyro, flight controller and so on.
Under some circumstances this is ok. No movement to servos or where the flight controller decides what the servos, ESC and other components will do when there is no signal from receiver.

Does the receiver hold or move servos to a preset position?

Or does the receiver stop sending signal to servo causing it to flounder. Servo simply will move if forces press on it. It may appear to hold but it's not holding. It can move like if there was no power connected to it.

Advanced servos can be programmed for failsafe and endpoint programming if servo signal is lost. This is usually used when the receiver does not provide failsafe signal or to prevent breakage if servo was to move beyond a certain point. Some receivers do not supply a signal to servo unless receiver first receives transmitter and may or may not continue to generate a signal whether receiver receives transmitter or not.

Some older Am and FM systems that did not have failsafe could do this.
Worst case scenario if single was lost or interfered with,
Servos could jump around in any position which can also drive the servos to their maximum extreme positions breaking linkages on the ground or in the air causing a crash.

This is my way and not the only way of handling harassment.


I know I am not alone when it comes to being harassed on RC groups. Others have told me the same. They are persistent so I just do the same. I don't give up. I have been harassed insulted and have comments made to me to be degrading or make it sound like I don't know what I'm talking about but I do know what I am talking about. very much so. The other technique is they use is to make them sound like they're authoritative and have high credentials. Doesn't matter if you have decades of experience, as far as they're concerned you are the threat. That is why they're attacking you.

If you are like me the consumer of RC products for decades and occasionally point out things sometimes positive and sometimes negative about certain products, only to be attacked degraded or insulted. Sometimes you may just be replying to someone who had the same exact experiences and the people I fly with I have seen their experiences and they have told me what they are so it comes from experience and knowledge for decades.
The fact that you brought up your experience usually negative can often set you up for an attack by the manufacturers / retailers themselves who have many of tens of thousands of posts on RC groups and other sites.
If you're a consumer of their product and the fact that I didn't always buy directly from them well then it had to be counterfeit in their view whether or not that is true it doesn't matter I...Continue Reading

A really bad idea when it comes to LIPO, LITHIUM-ION or life batteries is doing unbalanced charging which for some chargers like my three isdt chargers will allow you to select for lipo and lithium-ion for unbalanced charging. Yes it says warning on the screen but the average Joe has no clue of the dangers involved figuring well it has this feature I might as well try it. And some have tried it and lost big time. One guy on one of my threads had $60,000 damage due to lipo fire doing exactly that. Luckily no one was hurt and the insurance covered the damage. And this was not in his home but a steal and concrete shed. Even if the fire did not happen, at the very minimum the battery will most likely be damaged if not ruined. Chances are they was something already wrong with the battery prompting them to try something different. Not being able to balance charge so they use that feature.

Again if has a warning and you have to select ok or not but I think this feature is not something that anyone should use in my opinion.

I simply Google wind forecast and it pops up a day by day forecast with the hours that can be selected for the time of day for your wind forecast including precipitation and humidity at your location which is GPS controlled on your smartphone. Assuming it's enabled. The wind forecast can be selected up to 10 days including precipitation and humidity, High and low temperatures are also displayed and if rain is expected for that day and is the most simple method that I know of.
Or you can click on the link at the bottom for weather.com like everything, you'll need to get used to the app because it's not that simple but you can get what you want if you learn how to use it and app does not need to be downloaded.

Simpler and what I use the most.
Other wind forecast I get by using accuweather.
The wind hourly forecasts which also includes precipitation and temperature are good for 3 days with accuweather. More detailed but only for 3 days for the wind forecast. Does not need downloading to use app. Radar on this site also works good to determine whether or not you can expect rain in a short period of time or predict rain later.

Lots of us use our eyes and ears to determine wind conditions but you may not know what they're going to be a few hours from now. Most of us need time to prepare before going flying and need to know whether or not we're actually going to go. Charging equipment and all.

This A3 V2 I believe is a knockoff or clone and not a hoddyeagle gyro.

I have bought two of these gyros and install them in test aircraft and I like the way they worked. After installing and testing on multiple flights I took the gyro's out of test aircraft and install them into other larger aircraft. Reprogram settings and verify that everything was moving in the correct direction and then wait for the day when I go to the field which I did just yesterday. Right off the bat there was a problem.

The specs in the directions on this gyro says it can handle up to 8.4 volts. And I say no it cannot. In the advertisement for the gyro it says 5 to 7.4 volts. I believe that. Whenever I charge up my two cell lipo receiver battery which is a maximum of 8.4 volts, the gyro will screw up and change program settings requiring reprogramming. After the receiver battery has been discharged some it will work but as soon as you go and recharge it again, bam. Everything screwed up again. Even got really so messed up one time that even programming wouldn't fix it. You had to reset it to factory first. Then change any programming.


What would happen is it would go into programming when I connect the 8.4v battery fully charged.
First I noticed that the red and blue LED was flashing rapidly when I connected power to plane like it was in programming mode but I did not press the programming button.

If there is a hidden issue where you can inadvertently change settings and not know...Continue Reading

Problems that come up sometimes with dual Elevators and Flaps are simply the design of where the servos are located and orientated and the fact that they are often the same type of servo and they turn in the exact rotation counter clockwise or clockwise sometimes creates a problem where you either has to be fixed mechanically or electronically. There are exceptions where you want the same exact servo in that position because of the design of the aircraft was made for the exact same rotation of servo. I have both where one aircraft is just fine with the same servos and one is not. It depends on the design. Same thing with flaps, if the flaps on the wings are a mirror image meaning the servos are pointing opposite of one another and they are the same rotation, then you have a problem. Simple fix here is have both servos pointing in the exact same direction and not opposing or use a opposite rotation but unfortunately in my case my flaps on my aircraft are not that way and need electronic correction.

There are programmable servos with the direction of rotation can be programmed solving these problems. A programming card or device is usually required and there is that added expense.

One thing to keep in mind of is are the servos the same and of the same rotation. Is there a gyro involved. If the servos are not in the proper position to swing the servo arms so as not to give the undesired effect of opposite opposing elevator control surfaces. This sometimes can be...Continue Reading

Why mix gain with throttle. It is not necessary to do so but can add an added feature giving more control to the gyro at low speeds where the gain is usually only adjusted for maximum high speed than the lower speeds where more gyro control is more crucial during low speed and Landings where many of us tend to land slower than we should causing a bad landing. If you have a gain switch that is one way to solve that problem. Some aircraft are not known for flying fast anyways so this is not really a problem for those slow flying trainer like aircraft that already have been engineered they may even have some throttle gyro mixing going on unknown to the user. This could even be a priority setting just like used in Stick movements where the stick position determines the effect of how much percentage to the Gyro controls and may not be accessible to the user through gyro programming, the throttle could affect gyro. Gyro either being separate or part of the receiver.

This post is explaining the concept of mixing your throttle with your gain on your gyro. You first want to get your gyro working properly before performing any mixes to the gain. Then after that point you can experiment with mixing the throttle and gain mix with adding little percentage at a time. You may already have a switch setup for high medium lower or no gain which could work with that. Sometimes adjusting the servo travel adjustment in programming can make a no gain into a low gain setting and...Continue Reading

Error

Disregard

Duplicate

This is what I call the Mr Rogers version how to use and safety of
LiPO batteries.

Pretty much everything he has said I have confirmed more than once. Only once did he say something that was not correct which was 4.4 volts I believe which was supposed to be 4.2 volts which he did say after that and a fully charged 2S LiPo battery is 8.4 volts. Not 7.4 V
We're all human and do sometimes unknowingly say incorrect things only to say the correct thing later on.

Safely Using LiPo Batteries (45 min 9 sec)

FYI

I recently tried to load a image on a RC groups post which I have done many times before but it doesn't show the drag and drop box to drop any files into even when clicking on go advanced.

Anyone out there having any problems with images adding to posts or not being able to?