Sep 10, 2003, 12:05 AM
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Calgary, Alberta
Joined Nov 2001
1,483 Posts
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I've heard it explained a couple of ways (including as a joke with an old pilot and a new pilot), but since I'm an engineer, I'll need to use an energy model.
Take the case of a model airplane in level flight, at constant altitude, maintaining minimum power. Engine power is being used to overcome the drag produced in generating enough lift to maintain flight (and the other components of drag), and the airplane has some potential energy in that it's X feet/m above the ground. The airplane is at constant airspeed, so there isn't excess thrust, or it would accelerate.
If you don't change the throttle setting (read: add energy to the system), you can't gain altitude. Sure, you can wander into a thermal, but that would add energy to the system. You can't pull back on the elevator, because that would mean that the airplane's airspeed would slow too much. The angle of attack of the wing would increase, thus the amount of lift would increase, but so would the amount of drag. Since the only forces acting along the path of flight (in our no-wind case) are thrust offsetting drag, if drag increases without thrust increasing to offset it, the airplane has to slow down (conservation of energy).
You can dive to gain airspeed, but that only converts potential energy (from altitude) to kinetic energy (airspeed). If you then use the new airspeed to climb again, you'll never come back to the same height...since drag inevitably drains energy from the system, and drag is proportional to the square of velocity (I believe).
To go up, you have to increase throttle. Thus, throttle controls altitude, and elevator controls airspeed.
Does that help?
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Last edited by SoarNeck; Sep 10, 2003 at 12:13 AM.
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