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Salto
May 21, 2004, 01:26 AM
Hello all,

Even though I wasn't sure we wanted to split this forum off from the general building one, I can now see it's good to have all those links posted in the stickys here. Thanks everyone who contributed there.

As my contribution to help kick off the new forum I thought people might be interested in the following method I've used for making carbon tail booms. I described this a year ago on the Alegro forum.

I've yet to get a vacuum system up and running so I developed this method for consolidating uni carbon and carbon sock around a balsa tail boom for a 1.5m electric glider. The method could also be used for making a hollow boom over an aluminium mandrel.

Here is what I did; Tapered a piece of 16mm dia low density balsa down to
12mm dia at one end. Cut a groove along the top for two pushrod plastic outers. Installed the pushrods then filled the groove over with epoxy/microballoons, sanded smooth.

Laminated one layer of unidirectional carbon/epoxy lengthwise over the balsa using as little epoxy as I could. Slid on a piece of 25mm heatshrink tubing, shrunk this down using as little heat as possible, let cure overnight.

Removed heatshrink after lightly scoring longtitudinally with a knife (easy). Laminated one layer of carbon sock/epoxy, soaked up as much epoxy as I could by running the boom through paper towels held tightly in my fingers, this also pulled the carbon sock out nice and tight. Slid on and shrunk another piece of 25mm heatshrink, let cure.

Removed heatshrink, and admired result - 440mm long, 16mm tapered to
12mm, 20g, looks perfectly round and straight, with a nice 45 deg. cross
woven flat topped surface, no sign of excess epoxy or air voids. In fact, looks just like it was vac bagged.

For a first attempt I was happy with the 20g weight which included the two
control outers. Mark Drela indicates 15g for the Allegro E lite boom, which I
assume is without control tubes.

Next time I will do the uni and sock at the same time, which will allow me to
soak up the excess epoxy from the inner layer as well (I did not attempt to
remove any excess from the uni this time as I was afraid of disturbing the lay of the uni fibres). Also, I would seal the balsa first to prevent it soaking up too much epoxy. These details should save 2 to 3g. A hollow boom could be done over a waxed aluminium mandrel which would save the weight of the balsa (another 5g).

During heat shrinking, the whole assembly gets just too hot to touch (say, 50
to 60 deg C.). This thins out the epoxy nicely, which guarantees no dry spots, and helps all the excess run out the ends. It also speeds up the cure.

Here's some pics of the finished results, plus another smaller one I built for a micro slope soarer.

Graham.

Salto
May 21, 2004, 01:31 AM
Vee tails epoxied straight on.

Salto
May 21, 2004, 01:36 AM
This smaller boom is on a 110g slope soarer, great for those days when nothing else will stay up.

SkyPyro
May 21, 2004, 01:37 AM
Looks great, Graham! Very nice method :) . Where do you get your carbon sock? Wonder if a breather (paper towel or something) at the ends of the boom while curing would take some extra weight off? May just work if the shrink tubing shrinks enough. Who needs a vac? :D

Dan

Salto
May 21, 2004, 01:50 AM
Here's a shot of the finished electric glider. The wing spar is 3mm end grain balsa capped with 1x3mm pulltruded carbon fibre flats, doubled and trippled near the centre. I used the above heatshrink technique to consolidate a 45 Deg. glass shear web "sock" over the spar assembly. Then I spiral wound Kevlar tow over the centre section, and lightly sprayed the whole spar matt black for pose value. I then put the spar assembly down on the building board and added ribs etc. in the traditional fashion.

This wing construction (except for the black paint) is pretty much as Mark Drela describes for his wonderful designs. With 7 Kan 1020 cells the flying weight is about 500g. Flies nicely too.

Graham.

Salto
May 21, 2004, 01:58 AM
Dan,

I'm not sure where the carbon sock originates from. I get it wholesale from a composite material importer, and I sell it here in Sydney to the local indoor/micro guys.

A breather at the ends is an interesting idea, but probably not necessary. The heat shrink tube is left open at the ends, plus the heat thins the epoxy right out so I suspect that any excess that is going to come out will do so without needing further encouragement.

Graham.

AIR MOVER
May 21, 2004, 12:52 PM
sweet.. hows the tail moment working with the V tail?

raptor22
May 29, 2004, 12:29 AM
Can you post a pic of the small slope soarer?

--Alex

Salto
Jun 01, 2004, 06:50 PM
Alex,

Sorry for the delay answering, I've been busy with work. Here is a picture of the little slope soarer.

I saw the Outlaw wing at the LHS, and thought it looked so cute I'd build something for it. Here are some details;
2 x 5g servos, Jeti 8g RX, 4x250mAh cells (34g).
Span 670mm (26 1/4")
Chord 110mm (4 1/4")
Weight 112g (3.94 oz)
Wing loading 5 oz/sq.ft.

It flies well, will stay up in next to no wind, but the highly cambered foam wing and draggy open fuselage limits the speed badly. I'd like to try another one at that size, but I'll use a thinner, low camber airfoil, and a cleaner fuse.


Airmover,

The tail moment on the electric glider seems fine. There is always adequate elevator authority, and it circles nice and tight and stays pitch stable. When I get a spare momnent, I'll make a few measurements and calculations and post the tail moment co-efficient.

Graham.

mc71
Jun 18, 2004, 07:03 PM
You do some really cool stuff Graham! It was a bag of fun on the weekend, shame you couldn't make it.

Matt